I'm not sure why my name keeps coming up in this discussion, but seeing as it has, please allow me to offer my Canadian 2 cents worth.
And just for the record, the only script that I read from, mattrox, is my own. I've been in this game a long time, and I don't base my comments on a couple of google searches, or research derived from a few feed trials involving cold water species such as trout.
One of the common misconceptions in this hobby is that raw always trumps cooked, in the case of feeding fish that simply isn't true. Most carbs/starches are more easily assimilated by fish if they are processed (heated) first. Yes some vitamins are lost in the process, but certainly not all, and vitamins & minerals can be made up else where. With regards to carbs derived from terrestrial sources, cooking those raw ingredients (such as running them through an extruder) also reduces most of the anti-nutritional matter found in these types of ingredients.
Kylie brought up green peas earlier in this discussion, and using peas as an example, many people believe that raw peas are a great food source for fish, yet that couldn't be further from the truth. Fresh/canned peas are a very poor source of nutrition for fish.
Peas must be processed/cooked first, as they contain anti-nutritional matter, such as tannins, protease inhibitors, saponins, cyanogens, and phytic acid, which when consumed in excess these substances can have a very negative effect on the growth & overall health of fish.
Also, the anti-nutritional factors found in peas can vary greatly from crop to crop & season to season. Something as simple as dry weather, or a cold spell, can push tannin levels up drastically.
The heat from processing will reduce most of this anti nutritional matter, but even then most fish can only digest & assimilate so much plant matter, carnivores/piscivores much less than herbivores. All of this has been well documented in commercial aquaculture for many years.
With regards to carbs/starch as a whole - anyone that took the time to read the info that I posted in the link that Waruna previously supplied can clearly see that this is not a simplistic subject.
I do not know of a single species of fish (marine or freshwater) that have been studied for dietary requirements that has not demonstrated the ability to produce natural enzymes such as amylase that allows them to break down, assimilate, and utilize carbs/starch in their diet, including those derived from terrestrial grains. While it is true that most species of fish do not use carbohydrates very efficiently, carbs do in fact help synthesize both lipids & protein, and can play a positive role in the growth & overall health of a fish.
There is no question that some manufacturers get carried away with these types of ingredients as carbohydrate can be utilized as a lower cost source of energy, and protein, but this does not equate to these types of ingredients having zero nutritional matter, or necessarily being detrimental to a fishes health. As long as their inclusion rate is limited, there is no major negative. Would I feed a food that is *loaded* with starch/carbs, absolutely not, no matter if their origin was aquatic based, or terrestrial based, fresh/frozen, or cooked.
It all boils down to inclusion rates. Sometimes even too much of a good thing, can become a negative. This even holds true with certain vitamins. Even an essential nutrient such as Vitamin A can become a negative, and cause toxicity to a fish if too high of an inclusion rate is used. It's all about balance.
Obviously not all fish food is created equally with regards to overall inclusion rates OR quality of raw ingredients, nutrient value, digestibility, etc, any more than are dog foods, cat foods, bird foods, etc. .
QUOTE
"This "dilution" of ash is one of the biggest scams in the fish food industry!!!"
As I explained to you in a past discussion, most countries do not even require ash content to be listed on a fish food label, so exactly how does this become a scam? If a company is concerned about their ash content being considered a major negative by consumers, they can simply leave it off of the label. End of problem.
Do you still not get it, mattrox?
Some of the major fish food companies do not even list the ash content of their food, as by law they are not required to do so. They don't need to spend extra money on starch to hide their ash content. lol
Using your logic one could say that New Era is running a scam by using such a high moisture content in their food, 2-3 times the amount that many fish food manufacturers use, thereby reducing the ash content on their label.
Do I think that's what they are attempting to do? No, but that extra water content does in fact push the rest of the numbers down, including ash content. Water adds volume, but has zero nutrient value to a fish. Compare the nutrient analysis of a pack of frozen blood worms, to the same companies freeze dried blood worms, and it will become crystal clear how water content can have a major effect on the nutrient analysis of a food. Ditto to some of the commercial gel fish foods that contain 85% water when reconstituted.
When high inclusion rates of starch are utilized in a food, it's done to save feed costs on commercial aquatic farms (feed is the main cost for most commercial farms), and overall production costs by some manufacturers. End of story.
Outside of someone's vivid imagination there is no "ash scam" taking place.
For myself, personally, I'm just as interested in the type of starch used in a fish feed, as I am the inclusion rate.
From the NE tech sheets I couldn't help but notice that they don't list the actual ingredient/s used that make up their carbs, but simply a list a very generic "starch". Hmmmmm. Carbohydrate inclusion levels are listed as approx. 15-20% across the board in their products, but exactly what their mystery "starch" ingredient is, apparently is anyones guess? I suppose that just like when a generic fish meal is used, this could mean that the actual type of starch, as well as the source for that mystery starch, could change on a regular basis depending on current market prices for these various raw ingredients. I have noticed a recent trend in this type of labeling, where generic names are used for various ingredients. Make of that what you will.
While NE appears on the surface to be a decent product, I'm not sure how it is in any way revolutionary? lol
Because it has enough moisture content to allow one to squeeze it into a ball?
Soft & moist pellet feed has been around for a long time, at least here in North America. They use the exact same raw ingredients found in other commercial fish foods, fish meal, shrimp, squid, algae, "starch", vitamins, etc. They only real difference is they add extra water to their formulas.
While some fish will definitely find moist foods more palatable, increased palatability doesn't necessarily equate to being more nutrient dense, anymore than it is when children choose chocolate cake and ice cream over a freshly tossed seafood salad.
Cheers!